G-4177 Gemcitabine, Hydrochloride Salt, >99%

Synonyms : [dFdC] [dFdCyd] [Gamcitabine] [LY-188011]

Related Terms : [Gemcitera] [Gemsar] [Gemzar] [Zefei]

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  • 500 mg
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  • 63
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  • 1 g
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  • 2 g
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  • 5 g
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  • 10 g
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  • 25 g
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  • 100 g
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  • M.W. 299.66
  • C9H11F2N3O4•HCl
  • [122111-03-9]
  • M.I. 14: 4386

Storage: Store at or below -20 ºC. Solubility: Soluble in DMSO at 12.5 mg/mL with slight warming; very poorly soluble in ethanol; soluble in water at 25 mg/mL with slight warming; buffers, serum, or other additives may increase or decrease the aqueous solubility. Disposal: A.

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  • More than 430 labs worldwide have purchased Gemcitabine or its salt forms from LC Labs (either directly from us or from our many distributors, many of whom resell under their own labels).
  • Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog of deoxycytidine used as chemotherapy to treat patients with various types of cancer.
  • This research compound is the hydrochloride salt form of gemcitabine.  Please see the free base form of gemcitabine Cat No. G-4999, Gemcitabine, Free Base for further technical information.
  • This gemcitabine product is the hydrochloride salt, whose CAS number is given above. The CAS number of the free base is 95058-81-4.
  • After passage through the cell membrane via nucleoside transporters, gemcitabine undergoes complex intracellular conversion to gemcitabine diphosphate (dFdCDP) and triphosphate (dFdCTP). dFdCTP inhibits DNA polymerase by competing with deoxycytidine triphosphate (dCTP). dFdCDP inhibits ribonucleoside reductase and DNA synthesis by causing depletion of deoxyribonucleotide pools, and thus potentiating the effects of dFdCTP. Gemcitabine can be inactivated to 2,2'-difluorodeoxyuridine, mainly by deoxycytidine deaminase. Also, 5'-nucleotidase catalyses the conversion of nucleotides to nucleosides and inhibits nucleoside kinases. Mini, E., et al. "Cellular pharmacology of gemcitabine." Ann. Oncol. 17: v7-v12 (2006).
  • Gemcitabine remains the current standard of care for pancreatic cancer as a single agent. Combinations with biological agents or other chemotherapeutic drugs (including capecitabine, platinum compounds, erlotinib, and monoclonal antibodies cetuximab and bevacizumab) have shown limited improvement. Cartwright, T., et al. "Cancer of the pancreas: are we making progress? A review of studies in the US Oncology Research Network." Cancer Control 15: 308-313 (2008).
  • Gemcitabine inhibited DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner in human lymphoblastoid CEM cells. The apparent Ki values of gemcitabine triphosphate (dFdCTP) were 11.2 µM for DNA polymerase α and 14.4 µM for polymerase ε. Huang, P., et al. "Action of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine on DNA synthesis." Cancer Res. 51: 6110-6117 (1991).
  • Gemcitabine inhibited DNA synthesis. However, the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine on proliferating cells was not specific for cells initially in S phase. The kinetics of cell recycling from a first gemcitabine treatment have a strong effect on the outcome of a second treatment with either gemcitabine itself or cisplatin. Cappella, P., et al. "Cell cycle effects of gemcitabine." Int. J. Cancer 93: 401-408 (2001).
  • Gemcitabine increases DNA ligase I levels severalfold in different types of tumor cell lines, including MiaPaCa, NGP and SK-N-BE. However, DNA ligases III and IV either remained unchanged or decreased with treatment. Sun, D., et al. "Enhancement of DNA ligase I level by gemcitabine in human cancer cells." Clin. Cancer Res. 8: 1189-1195 (2002).
  • Gemcitabine Hydrochloride is the active ingredient in drug products sold under numerous trade names listed near the top of this page as "Related Terms".  These drug products have been approved in at least one country to be used alone or in combination with other medicines to treat breast cancer, ovarian cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and cancer of the pancreas.  NOTE: THE GEMCITABINE SOLD BY LC LABORATORIES FOR RESEARCH IS NOT ANY OF THE GEMCITABINE-CONTAINING DRUG PRODUCTS SOLD UNDER VARIOUS TRADE NAMES, AND IS NOT FOR HUMAN USE.
  • Sold for laboratory or manufacturing purposes only; not for human, veterinary, food, or household use.
  • This product is offered for R&D use in accordance with (i) 35 USC 271(e)+A13(1) in the U.S.; (ii) Section 69.1 of Japanese Patent Law in Japan; (iii) Section 11, No. 2 of the German Patent Act of 1981 in Germany; (iv) Section 60, Paragraph 5b of the U.K. Patents Act of 1977 in the U.K.; (v) Sections 55.2(1) and 55.2(6) and other common law exemptions of Canadian patent law; (vi) Section 68B of the Patents Act of 1953 in New Zealand together with the amendment of same by the Statutes Amendment Bill of 2002; (vii) such related legislation and/or case law as may be or become applicable in the aforementioned countries; and (viii) such similar laws and rules as may apply in various other countries.
  • Not available in some countries; not available to some institutions; not available for some uses.
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